Ukuhlola Ukuthuthukiswa Koyinki Abasekelwe Emanzini kanye Nokufunda Koyinki Eco-Friendly Water-Based Polyurethane Inks

Ukungcoliswa komoya sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinkinga enkulu, njengoba ukukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi njengama-VOC kuba negalelo elibalulekile eceleni kwezenzakalo zemvelo njengeziphepho zothuli. Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kukhula futhi izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ezihlukahlukene zisetshenziswa, imboni yokunyathelisa, umthumeli omkhulu we-VOC, uye wabhekana nezinguquko ezingenakugwema. Ngakho-ke, o-ink bokuphrinta abalungele i-eco-friendly sebephenduke indawo okugxilwe kuyo ocwaningweni lwemboni yokunyathelisa yomhlaba wonke. Phakathi kwama-ink atholakalayo asebenziseka kalula, okuhlanganisa oyinki abasekelwe emanzini, oyinki abanamandla okuphulukiswa, noyinki osuselwa kuwoyela wemifino, oyinki abasekelwe emanzini yibo abasetshenziswa kakhulu. Oyinki abasuselwe emanzini baqukethe ingxenye ephansi yezinyibilikisi zemvelo, ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-VOC futhi zihambisane nezimiso zokuvikela imvelo. Kodwa-ke, ama-inki asekelwe emanzini nawo anezihibe ezifana nokomisa kancane kanye nezikhathi zokwelashwa kanye nokungazweli kahle kwamanzi kanye ne-alkali, okukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuziyinki ezivamile zezimboni. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa lobu buthakathaka ngokuguqulwa kwe-resin sekugxilwe kakhulu. Leli phepha libonisa ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa koyinki abasekelwe emanzini, ukutadisha ukuguqulwa kwe-resin, inqubekelaphambili ocwaningweni lokunyathelisa oyinki kusetshenziswa ama-polyurethanes asekelwe emanzini, kanye namathemba ekusasa kulo mkhakha.

• Okokuhlola

1. Ukuthuthukiswa Koyinki Abasekelwe Emanzini

Oyinki banomlando omude, abaqhamuka ngokuhambisana nokusungulwa kokuphrinta. Ngemva kokwethulwa kweLithol Red Pigment ngo-1900, oyinki banda, okwenza amazwe atshala imali ocwaningweni lweyinki. Oyinki abasuselwe emanzini bawumphumela wokufunwa okuphezulu kokusebenziseka kweyinki. Ucwaningo lwamayinki asekelwe emanzini lwaqala phesheya ngeminyaka yawo-1960, ikakhulukazi ukusheshisa amanani okuphrinta kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezisekelwe ku-petroleum. Lawa ma-inki ayesebenzisa ama-organic compounds afana ne-benzenes ne-shellac noma i-sodium lignosulfonate njengezisetshenziswa eziyinhloko ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphrinta ngaleso sikhathi. Ngawo-1970, abacwaningi bakha i-polymer emulsion resin enegobolondo eliwumgogodla kanye nesakhiwo senethiwekhi ngokwenza i-polymerizing acrylic monomers nge-styrene, igcine ukucwebezela kukayinki nokumelana namanzi ngenkathi ihlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukuqwashisa ngemvelo kwanda futhi kwashaywa imithetho eqinile yezemvelo, inani lezinto eziphilayo ezisekelwe ku-benzene kumayinki lehla. Ngawo-1980, amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu aqala imiqondo kanye nobuchwepheshe "bokuphrinta uyinki oluhlaza" kanye "nokuphrinta kukayinki okusha okusekelwe emanzini."

Imboni kayinki yaseShayina yaqala ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing Dynasty ngokukhiqizwa kwemali, ithembele kakhulu kumayinki avela kwamanye amazwe kwaze kwaba ngu-1975, lapho i-Tianjin Ink Factory kanye ne-Gangu Ink Factory yathuthukisa futhi yakhiqiza uyinki wokuqala wasekhaya osekelwe emanzini. Ngawo-1990, i-China yayingenise imigqa yokukhiqiza yokuphrinta ye-flexo engaphezu kwe-100, ithuthukisa ngokushesha ukusetshenziswa koyinki osekelwe emanzini. Ngo-2003, i-China Industrial Technology Research Institute yathuthukisa ngempumelelo imikhiqizo ehlobene, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-2004, i-Shanghai Meide Company yakhiqiza uyinki osekelwe emanzini ngokugcwele, onezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-thermosetting ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zaseJapane nezaseJalimane. Nakuba ucwaningo lwaseShayina lwamayinki asekelwe emanzini lwabona ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, amazwe aseNtshonalanga asezuze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile: cishe i-95% yemikhiqizo ye-flexo kanye ne-80% yemikhiqizo ye-gravure e-United States isebenzisa iziyinki ezisekelwe emanzini, kuyilapho i-UK. kanye ne-Japan yamukela o-inki osuselwe emanzini ukuze bapakishe ukudla nemithi. Uma kuqhathaniswa, intuthuko yaseShayina yayihamba kancane.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imakethe, i-China yethula indinganiso yokuqala kayinki osekelwe emanzini ngoMeyi 2007 futhi ngo-2011 yakhuthaza "ukuthuthukiswa kokuqamba okusha," okuhloswe ngakho ukufaka oyinki abasebenzisa amanzi esikhundleni soyinki. Ku-2016 "Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyisihlanu Lweminyaka Emihlanu" lwemboni yokunyathelisa, "ucwaningo lwezinto ezisekelwe emanzini zemvelo" kanye "nokuphrinta okuluhlaza" kwakuyizinto ezibalulekile okwakugxilwe kuzo. Ngo-2020, ukukhuthazwa kukazwelonke kokuphrinta okuluhlaza kanye nedijithali kwandise imakethe ye-inki esekwe emanzini.

2. Ukusetshenziswa Koyinki Abasekelwe Emanzini

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-United States yaqala ukusebenzisa ama-inki asekelwe emanzini ekunyatheliseni kwe-flexo. Ngeminyaka yawo-1970, oyinki begravure abasekelwe emanzini bezinga eliphezulu base besetshenziswa kabanzi emaphepheni okupakisha ahlukahlukene, amashalofu ezincwadi aminyene, namakhadibhodi. Ngawo-1980, kwathuthukiswa oyinki abasekelwe emanzini okuphrinta isikrini esicwebezelayo nesicwebezelayo, kwanwetshwa ukusetshenziswa kwabo ezindwangu, iphepha, i-PVC, i-polystyrene, i-aluminium foil, nezinsimbi. Njengamanje, ngenxa yezici zabo ezilungele imvelo, ezingenabo ubuthi, neziphephile, oyinki abasuselwe emanzini basetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphrinteni amaphakheji okudla, okufana nokupakishwa kukagwayi namabhodlela eziphuzo. Njengoba imithetho yezemvelo ithuthuka, ukusetshenziswa kweziyinki ezisekelwe emanzini kuyaqhubeka nokuhlukahluka nokuqina. I-China nayo ithuthukisa kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwazo embonini yokunyathelisa.

• Imiphumela nengxoxo

1. Ucwaningo ngokuguqulwa kwe-resin

Ukusebenza kukayinki kuthonywa ukuhluka kwe-resin. Ngokuvamile, izinsalela ze-inki ezisekelwe emanzini ngokuvamile ziyi-polyurethane, ama-emulsions e-acrylic ashintshiwe, noma ama-polyacrylic resins. Ama-resin asekelwe emanzini e-polyurethane (WPU) ane-gloss ephakeme kakhulu, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekunyatheliseni kokupakisha. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-WPU ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubungane bemvelo bukayinki kanye nokucwebezela sekugxilwe kakhulu embonini yokunyathelisa.

2. Ukulungisa Ama-Polyurethanes Asemanzini

Ama-polyurethanes asekelwe emanzini, ahlanganiswe nama-polyols anesisindo esiphansi, angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ze-polyester, i-polyether, ne-hybrid. Ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezihlukene ze-polyester ne-polyether polymers, amandla abo nokuzinza kuyahlukahluka. Ngokuvamile, ama-polyether polyurethanes anamandla aphansi nokuzinza kunama-polyester polyurethanes kodwa abonisa ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu okungcono kakhulu futhi awathambekele kangako kwi-hydrolysis. Isibonelo, ukwandisa "ukuvumelana" kweyinki ngokusebenzisa i-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether kuthuthukisa izici zayo zokubekezelela. Nokho, leli yiphuzu lokubhekisela kuphela. Izikhungo zocwaningo ezehlukene zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuthuthukisa izici ezithile ze-WPU.

Isibonelo, ngo-2010, ama-epoxy resins anokuqina okuphezulu namandla okuthinta akhethwa ukuze kubhekwane ne-viscosity kayinki kanye nezinkinga zokunamathela, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amandla kayinki. Ngo-2006, ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa yi-Beijing Chemical University lwasebenzisa i-ethylene glycol-based polyurethane ukwakha inhlaka ekhethekile enengxenye ende ethambile, ethuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwe-inki nokuqinisa ngokungaqondile uyinki osekelwe emanzini. Amanye amaqembu athola imiphumela yokuguqulwa ngokungeza izinto zamakhemikhali: okuhlanganisa i-silica noma i-organosilicon ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-WPU, okuphumela ekuqineni kwamandla kayinki. I-Carboxyl-terinated butadiene nitrile polyurethane isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokugoba kukayinki kanye ne-viscosity, ijwayelane nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi ngokuvamile bakhetha ama-polyester athile asekelwe ku-ink izakhiwo, besebenzisa ama-polyacids afanelekile nama-polyols ukuze bahlanganise ama-polyester ukumelana nokushisa, bethule amaqembu e-polar ane-adhesion eqinile, ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanele ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-polyurethane crystallinity, nokusebenzisa ama-coupling agents ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingcina ye-WPU. ukumelana nomswakama nokushisa.

3. Ukuguqulwa Kokumelana Namanzi

Njengoba u-inki usetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kwangaphandle futhi ngokuvamile uthintana namanzi, ukumelana namanzi okungekuhle kungaholela ekuncipheni kokuqina, ukucwebezela, ngisho nokuxebuka kukayinki noma ukulimala, okuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwesitoreji. Ukwenza ngcono ukumelana namanzi e-WPU kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-inki yokugcina ngokusebenzisa ama-polyols anokumelana okuhle kwamanzi njengezinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, ukulungisa i-WPU ngama-monomers e-acrylic noma ukulungisa okuqukethwe kwe-epoxy resin kungathuthukisa ukumelana kwamanzi noyinki.

Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-polymers amelana kakhulu namanzi ukuze athathe indawo ye-polyurethane evamile, abacwaningi bavame ukwengeza izinto eziphilayo noma ezingaphili ukuze bathole umphumela oyifunayo. Isibonelo, ukufaka i-nanoscale silica ku-resin kuthuthukisa ukumelana namanzi namandla, indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni uyinki. I-"emulsion copolymerization method" idala i-PUA eyinhlanganisela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana namanzi, kuyilapho izindlela ezifana nokuguqulwa kwe-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-acetone ye-organosilicon-modified WPU zithuthukisa ukumelana kwamanzi.

4. Ukuguqulwa Kokumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu

Ngokuvamile, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwe-WPU kubuthakathaka, kukhawulela ukumelana nokushisa kukayinki osekelwe emanzini. Ama-polyether polyurethanes ngokuvamile anokumelana kangcono nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kune-polyester polyurethanes ngenxa yenani lamabhondi aphindwe kabili. Ukwengeza ama-polymer amaketango omude noma ama-benzene ring esters/ethers njengama-polymerization monomers kuthuthukisa ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwe-polymer futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukumelana nokushisa kwe-inki okusekelwe emanzini. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-polyether polyurethanes enamaketanga amade, amanye amaqembu asebenzisa izinto eziyinhlanganisela ukuze andise inkimbinkimbi futhi athuthukise ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Isibonelo, ukungeza i-nano tin oxide antimony ku-WPU ehlanganiswe kusukela ku-DMPA, i-polyether 220, ne-IPDI kunika amandla izendlalelo zikayinki ukuthi zimunce ukushisa, kuthuthukise ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukwengeza i-silica airgel ku-polyurethane nakho kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kokushisa futhi kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kwe-inki.

5. Ukuzinza Ukuguqulwa

Ukuzinza kwe-WPU kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-inki esekelwe emanzini. Ngaphandle kwamanzi nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, isisindo samangqamuzana nokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo kubalulekile. Ama-polyester resins ngokuvamile azinzile kakhulu kune-polyether resins ngenxa yebhondi ye-hydrogen eyengeziwe esakhiweni samangqamuzana. Ukwengeza izinto ze-ester ukwenza ama-polyurethanes axubile kukhulisa ukuzinza, njengokusebenzisa i-isocyanate ne-silane dispersion ukuze kwakhe i-WPU yezingxenye ezimbili enokusimama okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokumelana nokuhuzuka. Ukwelashwa kokushisa nokupholisa kungase futhi kudale amabhondi e-hydrogen engeziwe, kuqiniswe ukuhlelwa kwamangqamuzana futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza kwe-WPU nokusebenza kokugcina uyinki okusekelwe emanzini.

6. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokunamathela

Nakuba ukwenza kahle i-WPU kuthuthukisa ukumelana namanzi, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, nokuzinza, ama-WPU asabonisa ukunamathela okungalungile emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki ye-polyethylene (PE) ngenxa yesisindo samangqamuzana kanye ne-polarity. Ngokuvamile, i-polarity efanayo nesisindo sama-polymers noma ama-monomers ayangezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-WPU futhi kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela kweyinki okusekelwe emanzini ezintweni ezingezona ze-polar. Isibonelo, i-WPU yokwenza i-co-polymerizing nge-polyvinyl chloride-hydroxyethyl acrylate resin ithuthukisa ukunamathela okungangeni manzi phakathi koyinki nama-coatings. Ukwengeza i-acrylic polyester resin ku-WPU kwakha isakhiwo sesixhumanisi samangqamuzana esiyingqayizivele, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunamathela kwe-WPU. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela zingathinta izakhiwo zikayinki zangempela njenge-gloss. Ngakho-ke, amasu ezimboni aphatha izinto ngaphandle kokushintsha izakhiwo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela kukayinki, okufana nokuvula izindawo ezinama-electrode noma ukwelashwa kwelangabi lesikhashana ukuze kwandiswe i-adsorption.

• Isiphetho

Njengamanje, ama-inki asekelwe emanzini asetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kokudla, ekufakweni kwemithi, ama-workshops, izincwadi, nezinye izinto zokumboza noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphrinta. Nokho, ukulinganiselwa kwabo okungokwemvelo kukhawulela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi. Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngezemvelo nokuphepha kukhula ngezinga lokuphila elithuthukisiwe, oyinki abasekelwe emanzini abangavumelani nemvelo abanciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-VOC baya ngokuya bangena esikhundleni soyinki abasekelwe kuncibiliki, babekela inselele izimakethe ze-inki ezisekelwe ezincibilikayo.

Kulo mongo, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-inki ngokushintsha ama-resin asekelwe emanzini, ikakhulukazi ama-polyurethanes asekelwe emanzini, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha ezifana ne-nanotechnology kanye nokuxutshwa kwezinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-inki okusekelwe emanzini esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olubanzi olwengeziwe lokuguqulwa kwe-resin luyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-inki osuselwe emanzini ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi.